English Phonological Processes - Normative Data

By Dr Sean Pert

Adapted from:

Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z. & Crosbie, S. (2003). Phonological development: a normative study of British English-speaking children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonology, 17(8), 617-643. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269920031000111348

Use the filter button below to display the phones (sounds) that 90% of typically developing children can say, by age band.

The age bands display which phones (sounds) are acquired during that age band. For example, if you want to know what sounds a child aged 5;6 should have acquired, select the 5;0-5;5 age band. All the phones (sounds) the child should be able to say will be displayed.

You can then refine your search by voice, place of articulation or manner.

Alternatively, you may list the phones that the child CANNOT say at that age band.

You can also press the 'Play' button to hear the phone (sound).

Currently displaying all phones of English.